Back Italienisch-Libyen ALS ليبيا الإيطالية Arabic Libia italiana AST Італьянская Лівія Byelorussian Италианска Либия Bulgarian Italijanska Libija BS Líbia italiana Catalan Italienisch-Libyen German Itala Libio Esperanto Libia italiana Spanish
Libya | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1934–1943 | |||||||||||||||||
| Motto: Per l'onore d'Italia "For the honour of Italy" | |||||||||||||||||
| Anthem: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza "Royal March of Ordinance" | |||||||||||||||||
 Italian Libya in 1941:
| |||||||||||||||||
| Status | Colony of Italy[1] | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Tripoli | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Italian, Arabic (official) Libyan Arabic, Berber languages, Domari | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Islam, Coptic Orthodoxy, Judaism, Catholicism | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Colonial administration | ||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||||||
• 1934–1943 | Victor Emmanuel III | ||||||||||||||||
| Governor-General | |||||||||||||||||
• 1934–1940 | Italo Balbo | ||||||||||||||||
• 1940–1941 | Rodolfo Graziani | ||||||||||||||||
• 1941 | Italo Gariboldi | ||||||||||||||||
• 1941–1943 | Ettore Bastico | ||||||||||||||||
• 1943 (acting) | Giovanni Messe | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
• Unification of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica | 1 January 1934 | ||||||||||||||||
| 9 January 1939 | |||||||||||||||||
| 13 May 1943 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 February 1947[a] | |||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||
| 1939[2] | 1,759,541 km2 (679,363 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||
• 1939[2] | 893,774 | ||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Italian lira | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Today part of | Libya Chad Niger | ||||||||||||||||
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Libya (Italian: Libia; Arabic: ليبيا الايطالية, romanized: Lībyā al-Īṭālīya) was a colony of Fascist Italy located in North Africa, in what is now modern Libya, between 1934 and 1943. It was formed from the unification of the colonies of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania, which had been Italian possessions since 1911.[3]
From 1911 until the establishment of a unified colony in 1934, the territory of the two colonies was sometimes referred to as "Italian Libya" or Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI). Both names were also used after the unification, with Italian Libya becoming the official name of the newly combined colony. It had a population of around 150,000 Italians.[3]
The Italian colonies of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were taken by Italy from the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, and run by Italian governors. In 1923, indigenous rebels associated with the Senussi Order organized the Libyan resistance movement against Italian settlement in Libya, mainly in Cyrenaica.[4] The rebellion was put down by Italian forces in 1932, after the pacification campaign, which resulted in the deaths of a quarter of Cyrenaica's population.[5] In 1934, the colonies were unified by governor Italo Balbo, with Tripoli as the capital.[6]
During World War II, Italian Libya became the setting for the North African Campaign. Although the Italians were defeated there by the Allies in 1943, many of the Italian settlers still remained in Libya. Libya was administered by the United Kingdom and France until its independence in 1951, though Italy did not officially relinquish its claim until the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty.[7]
- ^ "History of Libya". HistoryWorld.
- ^ Istat (December 2010). "I censimenti nell'Italia unita I censimenti nell'Italia unita Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI STATISTICA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI DEMOGRAFIA STORICA Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo" (PDF). Annali di Statistica. XII. 2: 269. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- ^ a b "Libya - History, People, & Government". Britannica.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ “Italian Hopes in Africa,” The Times of London, November 12 1923.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Mann, 309was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "International Boundary Study No. 3 (Revised) – December 15, 1978 Chad – Libya Boundary" (PDF). The Geographer Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26.
- ^ Robert Hartley. "Recent population changes in Libya: economic relationships and geographical patterns". Durham University, 1968 ([1])
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